Which entity is mainly responsible for determining state funding formulas?

The entity primarily responsible for determining state funding formulas is the state education departments. These departments are tasked with overseeing the distribution of funds to schools within the state, which includes formulating equitable funding formulas that take into account various factors such as student enrollment, demographics, and specific educational needs.

State education departments have the regulatory authority and expertise to analyze data, assess the needs of different school districts, and implement policies that align with state educational goals and priorities. This ensures that funding is allocated in a way that seeks to provide adequate resources to all schools, regardless of their local economic conditions.

Other entities, such as local school boards and parent-teacher associations, may have input or advocate for funding priorities but do not have the authority to establish state funding formulas. The federal government plays a different role in education funding by providing supplemental funding and setting national standards, rather than directly determining state funding allocations.